Piston shock tube PUT-4 is developed on the basis of scientific- education hydrodynamic laboratory SarPhTI NRNU MEPhI, for studies of the instability of the free surface of a layer of water accelerated by shock wave. The results of experimental working out of PUT-4 using the PDV method [1], demonstrate the unique capabilities of this method. In the experiments was recorded piston speed, accelerated by pressure of acetylene - oxygen mixture detonation products, followed by its impact on a thin layer of water (or simulator water layer).